Oq fil
Qora fil
Fil (♗, ♝) – shaxmatdagi donalardan biri. U faqat diagonal yoʻnalishda harakatlanadi va shu yoʻnalishda raqib figurasini urishi mumkin. Fil boshqa sipohlar ustidan sakrab oʻtolmaydi. Har bir oʻyinchi oʻyinni ikkita fil bilan boshlaydi. Oq fillarning boshlangʻich joylari – c1 va f1, qora fillar esa c8 va f8 kvadratlarida joylashadi.
Joylashuvi va harakatlanishi
Shoh tomonidagi fil oq tomon uchun f1 katakka, qora tomon uchun esa f8 katakka joylashtiriladi. Farzin tomoidagi fil esa oqda c1 katakda, qorada esa c8 katakda joylashadi.
Fillarning dastlabki joylashuvi |
Qora fil qora nuqta bilan belgilangan kvadratlarning istalganiga o‘tishi mumkin. Oq fil oq nuqta bilan belgilangan istalgan kvadratga o‘tishi yoki d7 dagi piyodani yutib olishi mumkin.
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Nomlarning tarjimalari
| Tillar | ||
|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | L Loper | yuguruvchi |
| Albancha | F Fili / Oficeri | fil |
| Arab tili | ف فيل (fīl) | fil |
| Ozarbayjon turkchasi | F Fil | fil |
| Armancha | Փ Փիղ (P῾ił) | fil |
| Bask tili | A Alfila | |
| Belaruscha (Taraškievica) | А афіцэр | ofitser |
| Bengali | H গজ / হাতি (gôj / hāti) | Fil |
| Bolgarcha | О офицер | ofitser |
| Katalancha | A alfil | |
| Xitoycha | B 象 (xiàng) | fil |
| Chex tili | S střelec | mergan |
| Dan tili | L løber | yuguruvchi |
| Niderland tili | L loper / raadsheer | yuguruvchi / maslahatchi |
| Inglizcha | B bishop | |
| Esperanto | K kuriero | chopar |
| Estoncha | O oda | nayzador |
| Fincha | L lähetti | chopar |
| Fransuzcha | F fou | masxaraboz |
| Galisiyaliklar tili | B bispo | fil |
| Gruzincha | კ კუ (ku) | toshbaqa |
| Nemischa | L Läufer | yuguruvchi |
| Yunoncha | Α αξιωματικός (axiomatikós) | ofitser |
| hindcha | O ऊँट (ūṁṭ) | tuya |
| Ivritcha | ר רץ (Ratz) | yuguruvchi |
| Xausa | G giwa | fil |
| Vengercha | F futó | chopar |
| Islandcha | B biskup | fil |
| Ido | E episkopo | fil |
| Indonez tili | G gajah | fil |
| Slavyanlararo tili | L lovec | ovchi |
| Irlandcha | E easpag | fil |
| Italyancha | A alfiere | bayroqdor |
| Yaponcha | B ビショップ (bishoppu) | |
| Java tili | M mentri | vazir |
| Kannada tili | ರ ರಥ (ratha) | izvosh |
| Qozoqcha | П піл (pıl) | fil |
| Koreyscha | B 비숍 (bi syob) | |
| Lotin tili | A signifer / cursor / stultus / alphinus | bayroqdor / xabarchi / ahmoq |
| Latishcha | L laidnis | |
| Litva tili | R rikis | Litva harbiy qo‘mondoni |
| Luxembourgish | L Leefer | yuguruvchi |
| Makedoncha | L ловец | ovchi |
| Malayalam | B ആന (aana) | fil |
| Marathi | O उंट (Unṭ) | tuya |
| Mongol tili | Т тэмээ (temee) | tuya |
| Norvegcha Bokmål | L løper | yuguruvchi |
| Norvegcha Nynorsk | L løpar | yuguruvchi |
| Oriya | B ହାତୀ (hati) | fil |
| Oromo | ||
| Forscha | ف فیل | fil |
| Polyakcha | G goniec / laufer | chopar |
| Portugalcha | B bispo | fil |
| Rumincha | N nebun | ahmoq |
| Ruscha | С слон (slon) | fil |
| Gel tili | E easbaig | yepiskop |
| Serb-xorvat tili | L lovac / strijelac / laufer (Л ловац / стрелац / лауфер) | ovchi / kamonchi / yuguruvchi |
| Shimoliy Sotho | Mp Mopišopo | |
| Sitsiliancha | A alferu | |
| Slovakcha | S strelec | ovchi |
| Slovencha | L lovec | ovchi |
| Ispancha | A alfil | |
| Shved tili | L löpare | yuguruvchi |
| Tamilcha | B அமைச்சர் / மந்திரி (amaicchar / manthiri) | vazir |
| Telugu | శకటు (śakaţu) | |
| Tay tili | ค โคน (khon) | |
| Turkcha | F fil | fil |
| Ukraincha | C слон (slon) | fil |
| Urdu | فيلہ (fīlah) | |
| Vyetnamcha | T tượng / tịnh / voi | fil |
| Valliycha | E esgob | yepiskop |
Adabiyotlar
- Barden, Leonard (1980), Play better chess with Leonard Barden, Octopus Books Limited, p. 10, ISBN 978-0-7134-8769-5
- Brace, Edward R. (1977), An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Hamlyn Publishing Group, pp. 34–35, ISBN 1-55521-394-4
- Davidson, Henry (1981), A Short History of Chess (1949), McKay, ISBN 0-679-14550-8
- Fine, Reuben; Benko, Pal (2003), Basic Chess Endings (1941), McKay, ISBN 0-8129-3493-8
- Fiske, Willard (1905), Chess in Iceland and in Icelandic literature, with historical notes on other table games (1905), The Florentine typographical society
- Golombek, Harry (1976), Chess: A History, Putnam, ISBN 0-399-11575-7
- Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1996) [First pub. 1992], "bishop", The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 41, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
- Kurzdorfer, Peter (2003), The Everything Chess Basics Book, Adams Media, ISBN 978-1-58062-586-9
- Mednis, Edmar (1990), Practical Bishop Endings, Chess Enterprises, ISBN 0-945470-04-5
- Müller, Karsten; Lamprecht, Frank (2001), Fundamental Chess Endings, Gambit Publications, ISBN 1-901983-53-6
- Murray, H. J. R. (1913), A History of Chess, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-827403-3
- Reinfeld, Fred (1947), Reinfeld on the End-game in Chess, Dover Publications
Turkum::
- Shaxmat donalari